Family :Caesalpinoidea
Synonyms: Kankeli, madhu pushpa, gatasoka
Rasa :astringent, bitter
Guna :light,rough
Virya :cold
Vipaka :pungent
Karma :pithahara, hrgya, varnya
Indication :thirst, indigestion, burning sensation, worms, poison, heart diseases, bleeding, urinary problems.
Parts used :stem bark, seeds
Therapeutic uses :
Menorrhagia – cold milk boiled with asoka bark decoction
Asmari – seed powder of asoka is administered with water
Formulations :Asokarishtam, asoka ghrtam
Family : Caesalpinioideae
Synonyms:Krtamala, caturangula, suvarnahusana
Rasa :sweet
Guna :soft,heavy,unctuous
Virya :cold
Vipaka :sweet
Karma :kapha pithahara
Indication : skin disease, diabetes, arthritis, hyperthyroidism, jaundice, gout, fever
Parts used : root bark, leaves, flower, fruit pulp
Therapeutic uses :
Jaundice – fruit pulp is given with the juice of sugarcane or vidari or amalaki after fortifying with trikatu
Hyperthyroidism – root bark of aragwada is grinded with rice water and used for nasya and lepa.
Formulations : Aragwadarishtam, aragwadhadi lehya
Family :Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Datri, vayastha, vayasya, vrsya
Rasa :sour , panca rasa(except lavana)
Guna :laghu
Virya :cold
Vipaka :sweet
Karma :tridosahara, vayasthapana, rasayana, caksusya, vrsya
Indication :Diabetes, bleeding disorder, eye disorders, insomnia, dysuria
Parts used :fruit rind / fruit pulp
Therapeutic uses :
Soma roga – ripen banana, juice of amalaki, honey and sugar are taken together.
Prameha – amalaki and haridra juice with honey
Family : Asteraceae
Synonyms: Kesaranjana, kesaraja, markava
Rasa :Pungent, bitter
Guna :Rough, light
Virya :hot
Vipaka :pungent
Karma :Kapha vata hara, kesya, rasayana, balya, caksusya, dantya
Indication : Pandu, kamala, svasa, kasa, netra roga, hrdroga, krimi, kushta, sotha, sirah sula.
Parts used : whole plant
Therapeutic uses :
Garbhasthapana – cow’s milk with equal quantity of bhrnga raja svarasa should be given to pregnant woman.
Naktandhayata – matsyandas boiled in bhrngaraja svarasa when consumed for a period of seven days will cure night blindness.
Formulations : Bhrngaraja taila, nilibhrngadi taila, sadbindu taila, bhrngarajasava.
Family : Rutaceae
Synonyms: Malurah, sailusa
Rasa : astringent,bitter
Guna :light, rough
Virya :hot
Vipaka :pungent
Karma :vk reduction, digestive stimulant, absorbant
Indication : Diarrhoea, sprue, diabetes, oedema, indigestion
Parts used : fruit, leaves, root
Therapeutic uses :
Jaundice – leaf juice of bilva is given along with trikatu
Diarrhoea – fruit pulp of bilva and madhuka are mixed with sugar and honey and administered with rice water.
Formulations : bilvadi vati, bilva taila, bilva rasayana, bilvavaleha, dasamoolarishtam
Family :Santalaceae
Synonyms: Gandhasara, malayaja, sveta candana.
Rasa : Bitter, sweet
Guna :light,rough
Virya :cold
Vipaka : pungent
Karma : kapha pithahara, varnya, dahaprasamana
Indication : Daha, jvara, kushta, visarpa, kandu, trsna, raktapitha
Parts used : Heart wood, volatile oil
Therapeutic uses :
Prameha – decoction of arjuna & candana is recommended and in manjishta meha, the decoction of manjishta and candana is recommended
Chardi – candana is given along with juice of amalaki
Formulations : Chandanasava, candanadi taila, candanadi kvatha
Family :Punicaceae
Synonyms :Phalamla, rakta puspa
Rasa :astringent, sweet,sour
Guna :light, unctuous
Virya :hot
Vipaka :sweet/sour
Karma :tridoshahara, hrdya,sukrala
Indication :bleeding disorder, bleeding piles, fever, burning sensation, thirst
Parts used :fruit,fruit rind,root bark, floral bud
Therapeutic uses :Upadamsa – Powder of bankhuka leaves and dadima bark may be dusted over the scrotum
Arsa – ghee prepared with dadima svarasa and yava ksara will check bleeding and pain
Formulations : Dadimastaka curna, bhaskara lavana curna, dadimadi ghrta
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Gandharvahasta, citraka, vyaghrapuccha
Rasa : Sweet, pungent, astringent
Guna :unctuous, sharp,penetrate
Virya :hot
Vipaka : sweet
Karma : kapha vatahara, recana, vrsya(root)
Indication : Vata vyadhi, pliha roga, udavarta, vastisula, gulma, antra vrddhi, katisula, sirahsula, prameha, vatarakta etc.
Parts used :root,leaf,seed , oil
Therapeutic uses :
Slipada – eranda taila mixed with cow’s urine may be taken for one month while consuming diet of rice and milk
Parsvasula – yavaksara is added to eranda kvatha and taken.
Kasa – ksara of eranda leaves is mixed with trikatu, oil and jiggery is useful on oral administration.
Formulations :Rasnairandadi kasaya, simhanada guggulu, erandadi taila, gandharvahasthadi kwatha
Family :Burseraceae
Synonyms: Kousika, devadhupa, palamkasa
Rasa :bitter, pungent
Guna : light, rough, penetrate through minute pores,-old ; unctuous, slimy-new
Virya : hot
Vipaka :pungent
Karma :reduce tridosha, rasayana, aphrodisiac
Indication : obesity, arthritis, vata vyadhi, diabetes, thyroid disfunction, pimple, urinary calculus, piles, skin diseases
Parts used :olceo – resin/ gum
Therapeutic uses :
Amavata – haritaki, guggulu and silajit may be given with urine.
Knee joint pain(kroshtuka sheersha) – guggulu may be used with triphala decoction.
Formulations :yogaraja guggulu tablets, punarnava guggulu tablets, guggulu tiktaka kashayam and ghrta, kaisora guggulu tablets
Family :Combretaceae
Synonyms: amrta, abhaya, siva, vijaya
Rasa : pancarasa except lavana, kasaya mainly
Guna :light, rough
Virya :hot
Vipaka :sweet
Karma :tridoshahara, rasayana, improves vision,anulomana, prajasthapana
Indication :diabetes, constipation,skin disorders, vomiting, gout, worms, cough.
Parts used : fruit rind
Therapeutic uses :
Ajirna – haritaki is taken with nimbi
Prameha – haritaki powder given with honey
Formulations :Abhayarishta, pathyadi kwatha, triphala ghrta, triphala curna, dasamoola haritaki
Family :Combretaceae
Synonyms: amrta, abhaya, siva, vijaya
Rasa : pancarasa except lavana, kasaya mainly
Guna :light, rough
Virya :hot
Vipaka :sweet
Karma :tridoshahara, rasayana, improves vision,anulomana, prajasthapana
Indication :diabetes, constipation,skin disorders, vomiting, gout, worms, cough.
Parts used : fruit rind
Therapeutic uses :
Ajirna – haritaki is taken with nimbi
Prameha – haritaki powder given with honey
Formulations :Abhayarishta, pathyadi kwatha, triphala ghrta, triphala curna, dasamoola haritaki
Family :Caecalpinoideae
Synonyms :Gandar, kovidara
Rasa :Astringent
Guna :sharp,light
Virya :cold
Vipaka :pungent
Karma : kapha- pithahara, gigestive stimulant
Indication : Thyroid, bleeding disorder, dysuria, piles, measals
Parts used :stem bark, flowers
Therapeutic uses :
Gandhamala – fresh bark of kanchanara is grinded with sunti and kanjika(fermented mixture with barley or millet) , used internally.
Masurika – swarnamakshika bhasma is given with decoction of kanchanara bark.
Formulations : Kanchanara guggulu, kovidaradi kashaya
Family : Mimosoideae
Synonyms :Gayatri, Raktasara, somavalka
Rasa : Tikta, kashaya
Guna : Laghu, ruksha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha-pittahara
Indication : Kandu, kasa, aruci, krmi, prameha
Parts used : stem bark, heartwood, flowers
Therapeutic uses :
Bhagandhara -Decoction of khadira and triphala enriched with ghee and powder of vidanga is given orally.
Svitra – Internal & external use of khadira kashaya is useful.
Formulations : Khadiradi vati, khadirarishta
Family :Myrtaceae
Synonyms: Varija, divyagandha, sri
Rasa :bitter, pungent
Guna :light, unctuous
Virya :cold
Vipaka :pungent
Karma :kapha-pitha hara, good for eyes, digestion,taste
Indication :Thrist, vomiting, pain, cough, breathlessness, hiccup
Parts used : floral bud, clove oil
Therapeutic uses :
Pain(vatari) – lavanga is pounded and applied with warm water externally
Visucika – water boiled with clove is filtered and given.
Formulations : Avipattikara curna, khadiradi gulika, lavangadi vati and curna
Family : Rubiaceae
Synonyms: Vastra ranjani, vikasa, mandukaparni, yojana valli
Rasa : Sweet, bitter
Guna :Heavy, sharp
Virya : hot
Vipaka : pungent
Karma :kapha pithahara, varnya, visaghna
Indication :fever, mutrakrchra, prameha, kushta, visarpa, sotha, raktatisara, netra roga.
Parts used : root
Therapeutic uses :
Meha – Manjishta and candhana kashaya is useful
Arsas – In bleeding piles ghee prepared with manjishta and sigru should be given
Formulations :Pinda taila, maha majishtadi kvatha, manjishtadi taila, panca tikta guggulu ghrta
Family :Meliaceae
Synonyms: arishta, hingu niryasa
Rasa :bitter, astringent
Guna :light, rough
Virya :cold
Vipaka :pungent
Karma :kp reduction, digestive stimulant, kills intestinal worms, improves vision
Indication : fever, skin diseases, worms, diabetes,
Parts used : root bark, stem bark, flower, leaves, seeds, seed oil
Therapeutic uses :
Urticaria – nima leaves and amalaki dried fruits are mixed with ghee and given regularly.
Skin diseases – nimbi and patola are used in different forms.
Formulations :Nimbasava, nimbadi churna, pancha tikta guggulu ghrta, pancha tikta kashaya
Family : Valerianaeae
Synonyms: Jata, tapasvini, nalada
Rasa : Tikta, kashaya, madhura
Guna : Laghu , snigdha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Tridoshahara
Indication : Kushta, kandu, visarpa, jvara
Parts used : Rhizome
Therapeutic uses :
Kushta – Putika, devadaru, mamsi, indravaruni, guduci, mudgaparni and kakanasa are made as paste applied locally.
Vatarakta – After siravyadhana, paste of Madhuka, asvatha, tvak, mamsi, vira, udumbara and durva should be applied.
Formulations : Jadamayadi lepana choornam, maha paisacika ghrta, kuluthadi ghrta
Family : Liliaceae
Synonyms: Yavanesta, mukhsdusaka
Rasa : Madhura , katu
Guna : Guru, snigdha, tiksna
Virya : Anusna
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Vatahara, vrsya, rasayana
Indication : Raktapitta, prameha
Parts used : Bulb, seeds
Therapeutic uses :
Hikka – bulb of grnjana should be mixed with nari stanya and applied as nasal drops.
Visucika – Juice of palandu should be taken in the dose of 80ml.
Family : Cruciferae
Synonyms: Katu sneha, Bhutaghna
Rasa : Katu, tikta
Guna :Laghu, snigdha
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha vatahara
Indication : Krmi, kushta, kandu
Parts used : Seed
Therapeutic uses : Danta roga – Sarsapa and rocksalt are made into powder and used as tooth powder.
Formulations : Sarsapadi taila
Family : Cruciferae
Vernacular name : Mullangi
Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Tridoshahara
Indication : Jvara, kasa, nasaroga, netra, arsas
Parts used : Tuberous root
Therapeutic uses :
Sotha – Mulaka and tila are given together
Atisara – Mulaka yusa (soup) is very useful
Formulations : Mulakadya taila
Family : Bursuraceae
Synonyms: Susrava, gajabhaksya
Rasa : Kashaya, tikta, madhura
Guna : Laghu, ruksa
Virya : Katu
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha pitta hara
Indication : Amavata, atisara, raktapitta, vrana
Parts used : Bark, gum
Therapeutic uses :
Vrana – sallaki fruit powder or ash of flax may be applied locally.
Formulations : Sallaki tablet, bark decoction
Family : Mimosaceae
Synonyms: Namaskar, samanga, sparsarodanika
Rasa : Kashaya, tikta
Guna : Laghu, ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha pittahara, sandhaniya
Indication : Yoni roga, atisara,jvara, raktapitta
Parts used : Root, whole plant
Therapeutic uses :
Lajjalu root with rice water is administered orally.
Formulations : Fresh juice orally.
Family : Fabaceae
Synonyms: Pita Bija
Rasa : Katu
Guna : Laghu, snigdha
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha vata hara, raktapitta kara, krimighna
Indication : Jvara, prameha, krmi, sula
Parts used : seeds
Therapeutic uses :
Fenugreek decoction taken orally to reduce stomach pain.
Formulations : Panca jirakapaka, methi modaka
Family : Fabaceae
Synonyms: Tila parna, raktasara
Rasa : Tikta, madhura
Guna : Guru, ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha pittahara, caksusya, vrsya
Indication : Raktapitta, brahma, jvara, daha
Parts used : Heartwood
Therapeutic uses : Timira – Rakta chandana is grinded with water , honey, ghee and oil and applied as collyrium for 7 days.
Formulations : Pushyanuga churna, lakshadi ghrta, triphaladi ghrta
Family : Zingiberaceae
Synonyms: Elaparni, Yukta, sugandha
Rasa : Tikta
Guna : Guru
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha vatahara, anti ageing
Indication : Arthritis, sciatica, lower back pain, joint pain,stiffness
Parts used : Rhizome, leaves
Therapeutic uses :
Decoction can be used for joint pain orally.
Formulations : Rasnadi kashayam, rasnasaptakam kashayam, rasnadi choornam
Family : Styraceae
Synonyms: Akshibaishajya, tilvaka, tirita
Rasa : Kashaya, tikta
Guna : Laghu, ruksha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kapha pittahara, Cakshushya
Indication : Netra roga, Pradara, raktapitha, pravahika
Parts used : Stem bark, flower
Therapeutic uses :
Kushta – Bark paste used externally.
Pradara -Bark of lodhra is given orally with the decoction of vata barak
Formulations : lodhradi choornam, lodhradi kashaya, Rodrasava
Family : Pedaliaceae
Synonyms: Ellu
Rasa : Madhura, kasaya, tikta
Guna : Guru, snigdha
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Vatahara, good for skin, hair, sperm production, strength
Indication : Vata roga, grahani, agnimandhya , yoni roga
Parts used : seeds,oil
Therapeutic uses :
Sesame seeds with jaggery helps to gain weight
Sesame oil good for hair, skin.
Formulations :
Tiladi gutika, tilastaka, tila taila
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms: Guda, Sudha, Vajri
Rasa : Katu
Guna :Laghu, tikshna, snigdha
Virya :Usna
Vipaka :Katu
Karma :Kapha vatahara,
Indication : Vata vyadhi, cures sprue, pain , skin diseases
Parts used : latex, stem, leaf, root
Therapeutic uses : Krimi danta – root of snuhi is chewed.
Vrana – apply steamed leaves of snuhi for 5 – 6 days.
Formulations : Jathyadi varti, snuhi ghrta, jalodarari ras
Family : Musaceae
Synonyms: Moca, ambusara
Rasa : Madhura
Guna :Guru, snigdha
Virya :Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Pitta vatahara, brahmana, vrsya
Indication : Acidity, burning sensation, diabetes, TB
Parts used : Fruits, flower, tuber, pith of stem
Therapeutic uses :
Menorrhagia – kadali fruit with ghee
Formulations : Kadali kanda rasayana
Family : Arecaceae
Synonyms: Nalikera, Trnaraja
Rasa : Madhura
Guna :Guru, snigdha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Vata pittahara, balya, bhrmana
Indication : Raktatisara, gulma, jvara, daha
Parts used : Fruit, kernel, flower, oil, root, fruit shell
Therapeutic uses :
Coconut water +barley powder used for urinary retension
Formulations : Narikela lavana, narikela kanda, Illaneer kuzhambu
Family : Poaceae
Synonyms: Venu , Trna dvaja, yavaphala
Rasa : Madhura, kasaya
Guna : Laghu, ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Kapha pittahara, chedana, vasti sodhana
Indication : Mutrakrchhra, prameha, kushta
Parts used : roots, nodes, leaves, fruits and vamsalochana
Therapeutic uses :
Decoction used for prameha
Vamsalochana mixed with honey – cold, cough, fever
Formulations : Vamsalochana